Electronic Cash (ecash)

• DuoCash: using prepaid calling cards as electronic currency
• NYT, 7/13/96: debit card; 2 percent of the purchase price; The average debit card transaction costs 29 cents, compared with 65 cents to process a check and 91 cents to cash one with a teller, according to Gemini Consulting in Morristown, N.J.; old ATM cards 14 cents for each transaction.
• IEEE Spectrum special issue on electronic money
• "In her book "Virtual Money," economist Elinor Harris Solomon tries to offer a kind of taxonomy of "e-money." In the U.S. economy for 1995, it turns out, cash accounted for 550 billion transactions worth $2.2 trillion; checks, 62 billion transactions worth $73 trillion; electronic transfers, 19 billion transactions worth a whopping $544 trillion.
• E-stamp electronic postage
• Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)