Ferrari: gigabit testbeds only covered single high-bandwidth application, not resource contention
European public networks: EuropaNet: 2 Mb/8 Mb, X.25/IP; EBONE: Renater, Aconet; 2 Mb; X.25/IP; DATEX-M; SuperJANET; SURFnet; ATM pilot (Köln, Hamburg, Berlin)
LOS ANGELES - Six months ago, Netscape Communications Corp. reported an average of 800,000 hits a day as part of a Forrester Research Inc. study. Last week it reported 5 million hits per day to Interactive Age. Judging from Interactive Age's Hit List, a sampling of Web traffic released this week, that explosive growth is typical of what's happening to major sites on the Web. Yahoo's average traffic increased from 840,000 hits daily in January to 1.35 million; Microsoft Corp.'s went from 17,000 hits to more than 400,000; and Sony Online reports a 50 percent increase in traffic.
site hits users
1. Netscape 30,000,000 3,000,000
2. Yahoo 9,452,579 1,400,000
3. Starwave/ESPN Net 8,500,000 1,975,701
4. InfoSeek 6,000,000 910,000
5. Pathfinder 4,800,000 1,400,000
6. Playboy 4,723,957 1,141,112
7. HotWired 3,000,000 428,571
8. Microsoft 3,000,000 280,000
9. Silicon Graphics 2,640,000 105,000
10. Lycos 2,141,578 1,848,000
(May 1-7, 1995)
Gähnende Leere herrscht auf den deutschen Datenautobahnen. Gerade etwas mehr als 1.1 Millionen Menschen nutzen über Telefonleitungen vernetzte Informationsdienste, obwohl zumindest nach Ansicht der Bundesregierung die deutsche Infrastruktur dafür bereits jetzt den internationalen Vergleich nicht zu scheuen braucht. Das geht aus einer vom Bundestags-Pressedienst in Bonn veröffentlichten Antwort der Bundesregierung auf eine SPD-Anfrage hervor.
Zur Zeit gibt es demnach in Deutschland 750 000 Datex-J beziehungsweise Btx-Nutzer. 250 000 Anschlüsse an das Internet und weitere 100 000 an Compuserve zählte die Regierung, insgesamt also mehr als eine Million Datenautobahn-"Fahrer." In Frankreich bedienen sich 6,5 Millionen Menschen, etwas jeder neunte, des dem Btx vergleichbaren Minitel Systems. Über 25 Millionen US-Bürger, etwa jeder zehnte, schalten sich regelmäßig in Online-Dienste ein.
Die etwa 23,5 Millionen Kabelanschlüsse in Deutschland entsprächen einem Versorgungsgrad von 40 Prozent.
Tagesspiegel, S. 23, 8/19/95
DM 8/month Btx access DM 0.06/min 8-18 DM 0.02/min 18-8 DM 0.10 InternetFAZ 1/30/96 p. T1: official start: 1983; 1993: 400,000; 1996: 1,000,000. 1/96: 19 mio. calls (19 per month/subscriber, 10-15 min. avg.) services (5700 services, 780,000 pages in Ulm):
26% banking 17% closed applications (logistics) 18% shopping 11% information 9% PC 7% entertainment 6% travel/traffic 5% city information 1% sex
Meanwhile, a survey of online usage commissioned by Internet publishers O'Reilly & Associates and Trish Information Services found that only 3.7% of American adults are online and most are men who make between $25,000 and $75,000 a year. source
Most Popular features used Online Services (in rank order)
1. E-Mail
2. Downloads
3. Internet
4. News on Topics (includes sports scores)
5. Info and Reference
6. Chat
Reasons for Canceling an Online Service
49% - Free Trial Over
43% - Too expensive
34% - Extra Fees (a la CompuServe's old pricing model)
20% - Too slow/Hard to Connect
10/13/95
Electronic mail is the most regularly used online activity among computer users and only one in five online users have accessed the Internet's World Wide Web, according to a new survey. "Few see online activities as essential to them, and no single online feature, with the exception of e-mail, is used with any regularity," said the report. The Times Mirror Center for The People and The Press interviewed 3,603 adults in May and June for the survey about Americans "going online." The survey had a 3% margin of error. "Consumers have yet to begin purchasing goods and services online, and there is little indication that online news features are changing traditional news consumption patterns," the report said. While subscribers to an online service jumped from 5 million in the winter of 1994 to almost 12 million last June, that still represents only two-thirds of the 18 million homes where computers are equipped with modems, the survey said. The survey found that online privacy issues worry many users. "A major fear of Americans about technology is the potential loss of privacy amid the powerful array of interconnected data bases holding information about them," the survey said. Twenty percent said they worry about this "a lot," while 30% worry "some." Times Mirror said that more than 8 million households with unused online capability "represent a clear potential source for the continued rapid expansion of online usage." Moreover, the survey determined that only 32% of those who go online say they would miss it "a lot" if it were no longer available. By contrast, 58% of newspaper readers and 54% of cable TV subscribers would miss those services if deprived of them. At a time when newspapers and magazines are full of talk about cyberspace, the survey found that only one in five of all online users--3% of Americans--have ever signed on to the World Wide Web. An exception to the slight usage is e-mail. Twenty-nine percent of e-mail users check their mail once a day, 22% more than once, the survey found. On a typical day, the average e-mail user sends three messages and receives five. Last year, in the first such survey, the center estimated 31% of all American households had a computer and 26% of all adults used a home computer at some time. That has increased to 36% of all households having a computer and 32% of adults using one.
Cowles/SIMBA Media Daily 10/16/95=
1993 9.8 12 1994 12.2 15 1995 15.1 19 1996 18.4 23Der Tagesspiegel, 10/17/95, p. 15
According to the survey, last winter there were 11 million Americans
with access to a computer with a modem at home. By last June, the
figure had shot up to 18 million. The study points out that the 12
million who use online services represent only two-thirds of the people
with access to a computer with a modem.
53% of all online users use e-mail at least once per week
30% of all online users use the services to get news
23% of all online users said they participated in discussions online
14% of all online users use the services to get financial information
7% of all online users use the services to play games
29% of e-mail users check mail at least once per day
22% check e-mail more than once per day
25% Have met someone in person after meeting them online
Over 25% have had online sessions lasting more than 3 hours
52% are in favor of barring pornography from the Internet
20% worry about privacy issues "a lot", 30% worry "some"
14% of all Americans use online services or Internet services
(Including access from the workplace)
3.5 percent of all Americans access an online service or
Internet service every day. (Also includes access from the workplace)
As of 9/30/95 according to IISR:
Service # of Subscribers (world wide) ======== ================= America Online 3,800,000 CompuServe 3,540,000 Prodigy 1,720,000 Microsoft Network 200,000 Delphi 125,000 eWorld 115,00010/20/95
CommerceNet and Nielsen Media Research say a new survey shows a sharp rise in Internet usage in the United States and Canada to a point that it rivals time spent viewing rented video tapes. Conducted for CommerceNet by Nielsen Media Research, the Internet Demographics Survey is the first population-projectable survey regarding Internet usage, the companies said. Among the survey's findings: there is a sizable base of Internet users--some 24 million people--in the United States and Canada; users of the World Wide Web are an ideal target for business applications since they were found typically to be more educated and to have higher incomes than the rest of the population; and some 2.5 million people have already made purchases using the Web. The study found that users access the Internet fairly frequently, with 31% accessing it at least once a day. In addition, Internet users spend an average of five hours and 28 minutes online per week. When accumulated and averaged against the total number of people in the population, this translates to roughly 35 minutes per week per person--equivalent to the average amount of time a person spends viewing video tapes per week, the companies said. More information about the report is available at http://www.commerce.net and http://www.nielsenmedia.com. (Cowles/SIMBA Media Daily 10/30/95)
1/25/96 to 2/8/96: 6.04 1.00 22737347 10735 | /step/view.html/ 5.96 10.23 232814224 10600 | /step/view/hardenberg.jpg
| Country | Number of Telephones per 100 |
|---|---|
| France | 68 |
| Sweden | 66 |
| United States | 50 |
| United Kingdom | 40 |
| Greece | 40 |
| Chile | 10 |
| Turkey | 10 |
| Brazil | 7 |
| China | 3 |
| Pakistan | 2 |
| India | 0.7 |
units per 100 people, 1994
TV PCs phone CATV
sets lines subscribers
United States 79.0 29.7 60.2 23.2
Canada 65.0 17.5 57.5 26.9
Japan 64.1 12.0 48.0 8.3
France 58.0 14.0 54.7 2.8
Germany 55.1 14.4 48.3 18.0
Denmark 55.0 19.3 60.4 12.8
Spain 49.6 7.0 37.1 0.8
Australia 48.2 21.7 49.6 -
Sweden 48.0 17.2 68.3 21.9
The Netherlands 48.0 15.6 50.9 37.5
Austria 48.0 10.7 46.5 13.0
Belgium 46.6 12.9 44.9 35.7
United Kingdom 45.0 15.1 48.9 1.6
Italy 45.0 7.2 42.9 -
Hungary 42.0 3.4 17.0 8.1
Switzerland 41.0 28.8 59.7 32.3
Czech Republic 39.0 3.6 20.9 5.7
Singapore 38.0 15.3 47.3 -
Argentina 38.0 1.7 14.1 13.2
Russia 37.9 1.0 16.2 -
Hong Kong 35.9 11.3 54.0 0.6
Republic of Korea 32.4 11.2 39.7 5.8
Taiwan 31.5 8.1 40.0 14.1
Poland 30.0 2.2 13.1 3.6
Israel 29.5 9.4 39.4 13.3
Brazil 29.0 0.9 7.4 0.3
Turkey 27.0 1.1 20.1 0.4
Portugal 25.0 5.0 35.0 -
Malaysia 23.1 3.3 14.7 -
China 23.1 0.2 2.3 2.5
Chile 23.0 3.1 11.0 2.3
Greece 22.0 2.9 47.8 -
Mexico 20.0 2.3 9.2 2.2
Thailand 18.7 1.2 4.7 -
Venezuela 18.0 1.3 10.9 1.0
Philippines 12.1 0.6 1.7 0.5
South Africa 10.1 2.2 9.5 -
Indonesia 8.7 0.3 1.3 -
India 5.5 0.1 1.1 1.1
| hierarchical | team-based | learning-based | |
| focus | internals | outcomes | relationship |
| value | capital | information | attention |
| communication | presentation | active listening | dialogue |
| knowledge | compartmentalized | shared | rebuilt |
topology: cell-based, non cell-based
Link access: radio (unlicensed spectrum; ISM at 902 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.7 GHz) using DS or FH) = few Mb/s, range 10-100 m; infrared (diffuse or IRDA) = 1 - 10 Mb/s, range 5 - 10 m.
Media access: CSMA/CD, 802.11, reservation TDMA
Link layer mobility: transparent to higher layers, but different solutions for different LANs, difficult for long-distance moves. Network layer mobility: same for different LANs, but may need different ones for different network protocols (Internet, APPN, Novell).
Transport: link scheduling; link awareness feedback; split connection.
Switching among many different wireless networks: IR, RF, CDPD.
| 1995 | $80 million |
| 1996 | $343 million |
| 1997 | $1.1 billion |
| 1998 | $2.2 billion |
| 1999 | $3.6 billion |
| 2000 | $5.0 billion |
The adage about the Internet being "mostly male, mostly pale" still holds true according to a recent survey from the Georgia Institute of Technology, which found the average user of the World Wide Web is a 33-year-old white male with an income of $59,000. That's a demographic in flux, however, as the survey noted the percentage of women using the Web was steadily increasing, up roughly 2% from 29% in a similar survey last fall. That increase has been even more dramatic in Europe, where the number of women jumped 45%, to 15.2% from 10.5%. "There's been a tremendous shift in age and gender, in the direction of greater diversity," noted Colleen Kehoe, a researcher on the project. Kehoe told Media Daily that among the survey's more startling findings was the abrupt shift away from office and educational use towards home use. "The big story is where people are accessing the Web," she said. "Half the people we surveyed are home users, which is a big switch from two years ago, when the primary means of accessing the Internet was at work or from an educational institution." According to Kehoe, 48.5% of the 11,700 Web users surveyed accessed the Internet from home using local providers, versus 27.9% a year ago. While the survey was not random, Kehoe said the results were sound because of the size of the group, and the fact that the baseline demographic numbers match up with similar surveys from research firms Find/SVP, and Nielsen Media Research. The survey, the latest of five from Georgia Institute of Technology, can be viewed on the Web at http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user_surveys. source
MCI says it plans to increase the backbone speed of its Internet network from 155 megabits per second to 622 megabits by year's end. The company reports that 13,000 switch ports will be added to accommodate customers, and a total of $60 million will be invested in the equipment necessary to secure the higher backbone speeds. Since its launch in late 1994, MCI says that traffic on its network has grown 5,610 percent and over 250 terabytes [per month]
Netday News, 6/25/96
Lately, there have been a few messages in this newsfroup complaining (with justification) about increases in the frequency of unsolicited commercial e-mail. Be aware that this cloud has a silver lining. Under US Code Title 47, you can make *at least* $500 from each instance of unsolicited e-mail. Assuming that there is an inexhaustible supply of morons with computers (a reasonable assumption, IMO), you may never have to work again!
Here's the legalese. Under USC 47 Sec.227(b)(1)(C):
"It shall be unlawful for any person within the United States to use any telephone facsimile machine, computer, or other device to send an unsolicited advertisement to a telephone facsimile machine"
where a "telephone facsimile machine" is defined in Sec.227(a)(2)(B) as:
"equipment which has the capacity to transcribe text or images (or both) from an electronic signal received over a regular telephone line onto paper." Note that under this definition, your e-mail account, modem, computer and printer constitute a fax machine. And now, the payoff. Under Sec.227(b)(3)(B):
"A person or entity may, if otherwise permitted by the laws or rules of court of a State, bring in an appropriate court of that State - (A) an action based on a violation of this subsection or the regulations prescribed under this subsection to enjoin such violation, (B) an action to recover for actual monetary loss from such a violation, or to receive $500 in damages for each such violation, whichever is greater, or (C) both such actions. If the court finds that the defendant willfully or knowingly violated this subsection or the regulations prescribed under this subsection, the court may, in its discretion, increase the amount of the award to an amount equal to not more than 3 times the amount available under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph."
So, don't keep your name out of the newsfroup archives via X-No-Archive! Don't fake your e-mail address to foil the header scanners! Profit from the stupidity of others! MAKE MONEY FAST!
Ahem. Sorry, got a little carried away there.
Alternatively, you could make a file from the legal text above, prepend it to each unsolicited e-mail and send it to the postmaster at the originating site.
Still, I *really* hope somebody from Hawaii sends me an ad this winter! ;^)
Ron Hill (ron@canuck.com) "The Internet is the largest collaboration of people that the world has ever seen, but it's also the largest half-finished thing ever made." Harold Thimbleby - New Scientist 23 March 1996 p. 59
costs of digging trench and pulling first fiber: 70000 DM/km; additional fiber strand: 150 DM/km; 400 DM/subscriber CO costs
5 cents for a credit-card authorization, 18 cents to settle, and a 2.25 percent transaction fee on top of that. CyberCoin: 8 c/25 c transactions, rising to 31 c for $10. source
While Forrester Research put ad revenues at less than $30 million last year, the company is projecting ad revenues to reach $80 million this year, according to analyst Mary Modahl. I/Pro, which provides Web measurement and analysis services, put the figure for this year at $110 million.
Click-through rates are estimated at an average of 1-1/2 percent to 4 percent, LeFurgy said.